In vitro hazard characterization of simulated aircraft cabin bleed-air contamination in lung models using an air-liquid interface (ALI) exposure system

Contamination of aircraft cabin air can result from leakage engine oils and hydraulic fluids into bleed air. This may cause adverse health effects in crews passengers. To realistically mimic inhalation exposure to bleed-air contaminants, a mini contaminants simulator (Mini-BACS) was constructed connected an air-liquid interface (ALI) aerosol system (AES). unique “Mini-BACS + AES” setup provides steady conditions perform ALI the mono- co-culture lung models fumes pyrolysis at respectively 200 °C 350 °C. Meanwhile, physicochemical characteristics test atmospheres were continuously monitored during entire exposure, including chemical composition, particle number concentration (PNC) particles size distribution (PSD). Additional off-line characterization also performed for generated fume. We started with submerged 4 types oil (Fume A, B, C, D) 2 fluid E F). Following exposures, Fume F as well A B exerted highest toxicity, which therefore further tested under conditions. exposures reveal that these selected (0–100 mg/m3) (0–90 dose-ranges impair epithelial barrier functions, induce cytotoxicity, produce pro-inflammatory responses, reduce cell viability. Hydraulic are more toxic than on mass basis. be related higher abundance organophosphates (OPs, ?2800 µg/m3) smaller (?50 nm) fumes. Our results suggest considerable clearly reflecting potential risks contaminated